What Are Cracked Teeth?
A cracked tooth occurs when a fracture develops in the hard outer layer (enamel) of a tooth, sometimes extending into the underlying dentine or pulp. Cracks can range from superficial surface lines to deep fractures that affect the root of the tooth.
Cracked teeth are a common dental concern and can result from a variety of causes, including biting on hard foods, grinding or clenching habits, large existing fillings that weaken the remaining tooth structure, or sudden temperature changes in the mouth. In some cases, teeth may develop cracks gradually over time due to normal wear.
Early detection is important because untreated cracks can worsen, potentially leading to infection, pain, or tooth loss. At Divine Dental Care in Croydon, our team can assess cracked teeth and recommend an appropriate treatment plan based on the type and severity of the fracture.
Types of Tooth Cracks
Not all cracks are the same. The type of crack affects both the symptoms you experience and the treatment options available.
- Craze lines — These are tiny, shallow cracks in the outer enamel only. They are extremely common in adult teeth, usually cause no pain, and generally do not require treatment. They may appear as fine lines on the tooth surface.
- Fractured cusp — A piece of the tooth's chewing surface breaks off, often around an existing filling. This type of crack rarely affects the pulp (nerve) and typically causes minimal pain, though the tooth may need to be restored with a crown.
- Cracked tooth — A crack extends from the chewing surface vertically towards the root. The tooth is not yet separated into pieces, but the crack may gradually spread. Early treatment is important to help preserve the tooth and prevent further damage.
- Split tooth — This occurs when a cracked tooth is left untreated and the crack progresses until the tooth splits into distinct segments. A split tooth generally cannot be saved intact, though in some cases a portion of the tooth may be preserved.
- Vertical root fracture — These cracks begin in the root of the tooth and extend upward toward the chewing surface. They often produce minimal signs and symptoms and may go unnoticed until the surrounding bone and gum become affected. Extraction is frequently necessary for this type of fracture.
Signs and Symptoms
Cracked teeth can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are often inconsistent and may come and go. If you notice any of the following, we recommend scheduling an assessment at our Croydon clinic.
- Pain when chewing or biting — Discomfort that occurs when pressure is applied to the tooth, particularly when releasing the bite. The pain may be sharp and intermittent rather than constant.
- Sensitivity to temperature — A cracked tooth may react to hot or cold foods and drinks. You may notice a sharp, fleeting sensation when consuming something hot like tea or cold like ice cream.
- Sensitivity to sweet foods — Some patients experience discomfort when eating sweet or sticky foods, as sugary substances can irritate the exposed inner layers of the tooth.
- Intermittent pain — Unlike a cavity, which tends to cause more consistent discomfort, a cracked tooth often produces pain that comes and goes. This can make it difficult to identify which tooth is affected.
- Swelling around the tooth — In more advanced cases, the gum around the affected tooth may become swollen or tender, which can indicate that the crack has reached the pulp or root area.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to have the tooth assessed promptly. Cracks that are identified and treated early generally have a more favourable outcome.
Treatment Options at Divine Dental Care
The appropriate treatment for a cracked tooth depends on the type, location, and extent of the crack, as well as your symptoms. At our Croydon practice, we will conduct a thorough examination and discuss suitable options with you.
Dental Bonding
For minor cracks and craze lines, dental bonding may be used. A tooth-coloured resin material is applied to the crack to restore the tooth's appearance and provide a protective seal. This is a straightforward procedure that can often be completed in a single visit.
Dental Crown
When a crack is more significant or the tooth structure has been weakened, a crown may be recommended. A crown is a custom-made cap that fits over the entire visible portion of the tooth, holding it together and protecting it from further damage. Crowns can be made from porcelain, ceramic, or other durable materials to match your natural teeth.
Root Canal Treatment
If the crack has extended into the pulp (the inner tissue containing nerves and blood vessels), root canal treatment may be necessary. This involves removing the damaged pulp, cleaning and sealing the inside of the tooth, and then restoring it with a crown. Root canal treatment can help save a tooth that might otherwise need to be removed.
Extraction
In cases where the crack extends below the gum line or the tooth has split completely, extraction may be the most appropriate option. While removing a tooth is always a last resort, it may be necessary to protect the health of the surrounding teeth and gums. Following an extraction, our team can discuss replacement options such as dental implants, bridges, or dentures.
Protecting Your Teeth
If you grind or clench your teeth, a custom-fitted night guard may be recommended to help reduce the risk of further cracks. Our Croydon team can assess whether a night guard would be beneficial for your situation.
If you suspect you have a cracked tooth or are experiencing any of the symptoms described above, contact Divine Dental Care to arrange an assessment. Early intervention can make a significant difference in preserving your natural tooth.
